Attempting to write something every day is not as easy as it sounds. Each day I’ve thought of a couple of things to write about, but then I get tied up in angst over the expression of half-formed ideas. And then I realised that lots of people don’t even have larval ideas, so I might as well just open the laptop and crack into it.
Let’s begin with the book I am reading; the Dawn of Everything, by Graeber and Wengrow. It’s great. The narrative runs alongside the history of anthropological ideas of ‘society’, dipping and weaving through it, reconstituting some of the dustiest of Old Farts and examining their insights and prejudices.
The main theme of the book (so far) goes like this.
If we want to understand inequality, we need to accept that we are dogged by presentism. Our views about ‘how things are’ is legitimised by inchoate ideas of, ‘how things have always been’. This is folly, partly because these have never been the same, but as the authors point out, we’re actually in a period of what I might call startling rigidism. Our unequal societies, all broadly integrated, to varying degrees, into something resembling capitalism, are remarkably fixed compared to any other period in history.
Up until the last 500 years or so, human beings had more freedom. The authors are pretty cagey about what freedom means, enlivening and critiquing the false dualism between Hobbes and Rousseau which holds that humans are either unfathomably violent shitheads or naive primates who can open tins. Humans are neither entirely noble or entirely savage, In fact, in a refreshing assertion of the obvious, we’re more or less the same as we are now.
What’s different is our lack of imagination about how to live our lives, and how to organise ourselves collectively to do this.
Graeber and Wengrow present us with evidence that for most of human history, all over the world, we have institutionalised the idea that we could change our circumstances if they did not suit us. They cite ceremonies where the usual social rules were inverted, mocked or thrown out altogether. Shamans and lunatics were often positioned in important roles as they represented a new way of doing things. People can and did change the way they organised themselves, with remarkable frequency.
Our modern era, on the other hand, is characterised by a remarkable fixity of thought, bolstered by a woefully traduced interpretation of history. History tells us everything about how the powerful would like us to see things now, rather than how things were ‘back then’.
I’m only halfway through the Dawn of Everything, so I’ll let you know how it ends.